Business Processes

Why Target Costing Is Critical for Automotive Companies in the EV Era?


Building Profitability from the Design Stage: A Next-Generation Cost Management Strategy


Introduction: Why Target Costing Is Back in the Spotlight?

Target costing—known in Japan as Genka Kikaku—was established in Japanese manufacturing in the 1960s. With more than half a century of history, it is one of the most proven management methodologies in industrial operations.

Yet today, target costing is once again drawing intense attention in the automotive industry.

Why?

Because companies now face unprecedented levels of uncertainty:

  • Structural transformation driven by EV adoption
  • Volatile raw material and energy prices
  • Persistent geopolitical risks
  • Strengthening sustainability regulations

In this environment, companies can no longer survive without designing profitability in advance. Target costing has evolved from a cost-control tool into a core survival strategy.


Why Is Target Costing Now Essential for the Automotive Industry?



Why Is Target Costing Now Essential for the Automotive Industry?

The Era of Simultaneous Price and Cost Control Is Over

Today’s automotive market is characterized by:

  • Extreme market volatility
  • Radical cost structure changes driven by electrification
  • Increasing supply chain instability

Without upfront cost design, companies face serious risks:

  • No reliable profit outlook
  • Constant exposure to market fluctuations
  • Chronic losses
  • Loss of competitiveness

Target costing is the only way to break this negative cycle.


1. Margin Erosion Under OEM Price Pressure

OEMs are struggling to protect margins due to tariffs and intensifying competition. As a result:

  • Price pressure on suppliers is increasing
  • Cost pass-through is becoming difficult
  • Profit margins are shrinking

Future success depends on building cost structures that remain profitable even without price increases.


2. Cost Structure Transformation Through EV and Software Technologies

Electrification has fundamentally changed cost structures:

  • Rising battery and critical mineral costs
  • Higher ratios of electronics and software
  • Shifts in procurement and logistics models

Simple “unit cost reduction” is no longer sufficient.

What is required is integrated value design that connects:

Function × Performance × Software × Cost


3. Volatility in Critical Minerals and Energy Prices

Prices of lithium, cobalt, and nickel fluctuate dramatically within short periods.

Relying on market conditions alone is no longer viable.

Target costing must incorporate from the design stage:

  • Alternative materials
  • Specification optimization
  • Long-term contracts
  • Dual and multi-sourcing strategies

4. Hidden Costs Driven by Geopolitical and Trade Risks

Conflicts, trade frictions, and political instability generate invisible costs such as:

  • Procurement restrictions
  • Tariff burdens
  • Supply chain restructuring
  • Increased inventory

These risks must be embedded into cost planning from the outset.


5. Sustainability as a New Cost Requirement

Modern automotive development requires:

  • CO₂ reduction
  • Circular and recyclable design
  • Supply chain traceability
  • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) compliance

The new mission of target costing is balancing environmental responsibility and profitability.


6. Limited Ability to Pass Costs to Consumers

Today’s consumers compare:

  • EVs
  • Hybrid vehicles
  • Internal combustion vehicles

In uncertain demand environments, pricing flexibility is limited.

This makes market-driven target cost design the most powerful competitive weapon.


Key Challenges in Implementing Target Costing

Despite its importance, execution is never easy.


1. Rising Complexity from Product Variations

  • Increasing model, grade, and regional variations
  • Unclear profitability per unit
  • Exploding data volumes

Manual management has reached its limits.


2. Difficulties in Modular Cost Design

Ideally, cost planning should be based on platforms and modules.

However, major obstacles include:

  • Heavy upfront investments
  • Cross-functional coordination challenges
  • Integration with legacy assets

3. Slow Simulation and Decision-Making

Excel-centered management leads to:

  • Delayed updates
  • Individual dependency
  • Poor information sharing

This severely limits decision speed.


4. Insufficient Lifecycle Cost Visibility

Many companies underestimate:

  • Maintenance and disposal costs
  • Equipment removal expenses
  • Recycling fees

As a result, long-term profitability becomes unclear.


5. Challenges in Company-Wide Collaboration

Target costing is based on:

Market Price − Target Profit = Target Cost

This requires full organizational alignment.

In reality, companies face:

  • Interdepartmental conflicts
  • Fragmented information
  • Lack of leadership

The Direction of Target Costing Transformation

To overcome these challenges, companies must redesign target costing as an integrated system:

  • Organization
  • Processes
  • Rules
  • KPIs
  • Data
  • IT
  • Mindset

Partial optimization is no longer sufficient.

Target costing must function as a core management process.

Framework for Cost Planning Transformation

Conclusion: Target Costing Is a Strategic Weapon

This article highlighted the importance of target costing in light of:

  • EV adoption, material inflation, and geopolitical risks
  • Limited pricing control
  • Increasing product and development complexity

In the future, target costing will no longer be a “management technique.”

It will be a corporate strategy.

Breaking away from fragmented and individual-driven practices and integrating:

  • Organization
  • Data
  • IT
  • Cultural transformation

will determine corporate survival.


Next Article: Digitalizing Target Costing with SAP

Target costing requires:

  • Strong top-down leadership
  • Enormous operational effort

To make it efficient and transparent, digital platforms are essential.

In the next article, we will explore how SAP enables next-generation target costing and cost planning transformation.

SAP Product Lifecycle Costing for Automotive Suppliers


References


Disclaimer

Parts of this article were developed with reference to generative AI suggestions and were reviewed, refined, and supplemented based on the author’s professional expertise and judgment.


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