Enterprise Architecture

Why SAP and PLM Projects Fail: TOGAF’s Seven Levers of Digital Transformation

Why SAP and PLM Projects Fail: TOGAF’s Seven Levers of Digital Transformation

Can implementing SAP S/4HANA or PLM alone achieve digital transformation?

The answer is NO!

Across many Tier 1 automotive suppliers, the same pattern appears repeatedly:

  • SAP is implemented, but operations remain unchanged
  • PLM is deployed, yet engineering data does not flow into the supply chain
  • Data is collected, but decision-making does not become faster

The root cause is clear: organizations treat system implementation as the goal, rather than designing enterprise-wide transformation.

TOGAF® (The Open Group Architecture Framework) addresses this issue by structuring digital transformation into the Seven Levers of Digital Transformation. These “levers” represent the fundamental drivers required to achieve real enterprise change. SAP and PLM are only one part of the picture.


The Seven Levers of Digital Transformation (TOGAF®)

Lever 1 – Strategy

Definition
Define competitive advantage and align all transformation initiatives with business strategy.

The first decision is not:
“Which ERP should we implement?”

The real question is:
“What will we win with in five years?”

Tier 1 Example
Automotive suppliers are facing major shifts:

  • Electrification (EV)
  • Software Defined Vehicles (SDV)
  • CASE trends

A leading supplier defined its strategy as:
“Transform into a high-value EV component manufacturer.”

Only after defining this strategy do roles for:

  • PLM
  • SAP
  • MES
  • AI
    become clear.

Strategy is the starting point of all transformation.


Lever 2 – Customer Experience

Definition
Digitally transform customer touchpoints to deliver new value.

For Tier 1 suppliers, customers include:

  • OEMs
  • Aftermarket
  • Service organizations

In many companies, when OEMs ask:

  • “What is the delivery status?”
  • “What is the impact of this design change?”

Teams still search through Excel files.

Digital transformation aims to enable OEMs to access in real time:

  • Inventory
  • Production status
  • Quality metrics
  • Shipment status

This shift fundamentally changes customer expectations and trust.


Lever 3 – Product & Service

Definition
Digitize not only products, but also the services around them.

Traditionally:
Selling a component was the end of the value chain.

Today:
Component + Data = Value

Example (Brake Manufacturer)

  • Sell components
  • Collect IoT data
  • Predict failures
  • Provide maintenance services

PLM becomes the backbone that manages this entire lifecycle.


Lever 4 – Business Process

Definition
Redesign processes end-to-end.

A common SAP failure pattern is:
Simply migrating existing processes into SAP without redesign.

TOGAF® emphasizes a full value chain perspective:

  • Sales
  • Engineering
  • Procurement
  • Manufacturing
  • Logistics
  • Service

Tier 1 Example
A single flow includes:
Design change → BOM update → MRP → Procurement → Production → Shipment

This is why PLM and SAP integration is critical.


Lever 5 – Organization & Culture

Definition
Transform people, decision-making, and organizational culture.

This is often harder than implementing SAP.

Typical challenges:

  • Plant managers rely on experience
  • Procurement relies on intuition
  • Sales relies on instinct

Digital transformation requires:
Data-driven decision making

This impacts:

  • KPIs
  • OKRs
  • Governance
  • Authority models
  • Performance evaluation systems

Without changing these, transformation does not happen.


Lever 6 – Technology

Definition
Build IT architecture to enable strategy.

Only at this stage do technologies appear:

  • SAP
  • PLM
  • MES
  • Data platforms
  • AI
  • Cloud

SAP is not digital transformation.

SAP is an enabler.

Tier 1 Integrated Architecture Example

  • PLM
  • SAP S/4HANA
  • MES
  • IBP
  • Supplier Portal
  • Data Platform
  • AI

Value emerges only when these are connected.


Lever 7 – Ecosystem

Definition
Create value beyond the enterprise, including partners.

For Tier 1 suppliers, transformation cannot stop internally.

It must extend across:

  • OEM
  • Tier 1
  • Tier 2
  • Logistics providers
  • Material suppliers

Example
In a quality issue scenario, within minutes you can trace:

  • Which component
  • Which lot
  • Which supplier
  • Which vehicle

This interconnected visibility is known as the Digital Thread.


What SAP and PLM Project Managers Must Understand

In many projects, the goal becomes:
“Implement SAP.”

But in TOGAF®, SAP implementation is only part of the Technology lever.

Project managers must continuously ask:

  • Does this project realize business strategy? (Strategy)
  • Does it improve OEM value delivery? (Customer Experience)
  • Does it evolve products and services? (Product & Service)
  • Does it optimize end-to-end processes? (Business Process)
  • Does it change decision-making and culture? (Organization & Culture)
  • Is the IT architecture scalable? (Technology)
  • Does it extend value across the ecosystem? (Ecosystem)

By evaluating all seven levers from the design phase, SAP and PLM become platforms for transformation—not just systems.


Conclusion

TOGAF’s Seven Levers of Digital Transformation are not a framework for implementing ERP, PLM, MES, or AI individually. They are a design philosophy for transforming the entire enterprise.

For Tier 1 automotive suppliers facing electrification, SDV, and increasing supply chain complexity, Enterprise Architecture plays a critical role in orchestrating these seven levers.

SAP and PLM project managers must go beyond delivering systems on time and within budget. The real question is how each lever contributes to enterprise value.

Sustainable digital transformation is achieved only when all seven levers are aligned and executed as a unified strategy.


Reference Links

This article is based on publicly available information and industry best practices from the following sources.


Disclaimer

Parts of this article were developed with reference to generative AI suggestions and were reviewed, refined, and supplemented based on the author’s professional expertise and judgment.


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